How should we decide when a dam should be built? [27] On 3 February 2015, a convoy of supplies for the dam was attacked, injuring three. Should we build big dams give arguments in Favour of your answer? Therefore, the construction of dams can also be a way to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in poor developing countries of our planet where the economic infrastructure is often quite bad and where well-paying jobs are rare. Due to rainfall, the dam has achieved water levels up to 100m above the river bed and stored 5 billion cubic meters of water. The planned Ilisu dam consists of a wall 1.8 km wide and 135 m high, and will create the third largest reservoir in Turkey covering an area of 313 km (IEG, 2005). Controlling waterways. Dams may also be kind of a tourist magnet. The construction of dams can also lead to the creation of many jobs. Compared to other conventional energy sources like coal, oil or gas, which imply the emission of large amounts of harmful gases into our atmosphere, hydropower can also be considered to be relatively green. In this article, the pros and cons of dams are examined. It's made in the USA 7. As we have seen before, the construction of dams can be quite demanding and time-intensive. What is advantage and disadvantage of dam? xref A small dam called a cofferdam is built upstream of the construction zone to help funnel water into the diversion tunnel. Turkeys hydroelectric dams have reportedly reduced water flow into Iraq and Syria by about 80 and 40 percent, respectively, since 1975. The cost of the project is a billion and 200 million dollars. From Neolithic settlements to medieval tombs and temples, the town is a living museum where some people alive today grew up in caves built into cliffs overlooking the Tigris. The Ilisu Dam is 440 feet high and a mile wide. The Southeastern Anatolian Project was set up to eliminate regional development disparities. The first few chapters of the monograph set forth the context of the problem. Biggest Three Gorges Dam Pros and Cons The Three Gorges Dam List of Pros 1. In turn, this could lead to a change of nutrient levels in the water and many water organisms may have to adjust to those new conditions or might be forced to move if they do not like those conditions at all. Water is a transient and finite resource. Thus, decision-makers should take this fact into account and realize that dams are not a short-term solution to overcome certain problems. trailer It is of irreplacable importance for the existing habitat. It will submerge 313 square kilometres of land, an area the size of Malta.5 Figure 1: The ilisu Dam siTe Ilisu Dam site Ms. Thaman is an attorney and teacher in California. 0 [37] Using 1990 census data, it had previously estimated that 55,127 people would be affected; updating these calculations using 2000 survey data produced a figure of 71,186. Nobody is keen on living his or her home just for the purposes of the construction of dams and it should be evaluated on an individual basis whether the benefits for society outweigh the negative effects for those people who have to give up their homes and their former lives. The Turkish government advertised the entire project as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy independence. 0000002548 00000 n 0000000907 00000 n When Islamic State militants briefly had control over it, there was frenzied speculation about what would happen if they blew it up, unleashing the 11 billion-cubic-meter reservoir in a catastrophic wave. 2. It impounds the Colorado River and serves several important functions, including hydroelectric power generation, water storage, and flood control. 5. Thus, the construction of dams can be quite expensive and it might take a quite long time until the power that is generated with those dams can offset the tremendous construction costs. 0000001547 00000 n conditions while building were so bad they had a 6 day strike. Nevertheless, let's see the definition of hydropower. While the need for collaborative approaches to sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, barriers to such collaboration are complex and sometimes deeply entrenched. The Ilisu Dam has spurred international controversy since its inception with the Southeastern Anatolia Project, known in Turkey as GAP. Advantages of hydropower 1. Local employment 12. @article{Eberlein2010TheID, title={The Ilisu dam in Turkey and the role of Export Credit Agencies and NGO networks. Connected to generators, the blades produce electricity for local . Generating 1,200 megawatts of electricity, its Turkeys fourth largest dam in terms of power generation. Hydropower dams flood large areas, force people to relocate, threaten freshwater biodiversity, disrupt subsistence fisheries, and leave rivers dry substantially affecting the ecosystem. Additionally, a 250m (820ft) permanent steel-girder bridge with concrete supports was constructed just downstream of the dam. Dams have been quite important over the history of mankind. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-1','ezslot_10',149,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-1-0');Apart from agricultural purposes, dams can also be quite important to assure the water supply of the local population in order to avoid water scarcity. Since through the construction of dams, the water flows can be changed to a certain extent, dams can also be a great tool to create waterways for transportation purposes. It's flooding was predictable, provided farmers with resources, and was often the only source of irrigation. It uses simple, understandable technology 4. It is one of the 22 dams of the Southeastern Anatolia Project and its purpose is hydroelectric power production, flood control and water storage. Also the construction costs for dams are significant. However, there are also some issues related to the construction of dams. Especially in the Southern hemisphere of our planet where water will become an even scarcer resource due to global warming in the near future, dams may be quite important in order to ensure the water supply of farmers. The Ilisu Dam, completed as part of Turkey's Gneydou Anadolu Projesi (Southeasternanatolian Development Project or GAP for short in Turkish) in 2019, has faced heavy criticism from both local as well as international observers and downstream countries on the Tigris. This hinders the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_6',146,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');Thus, during the week, there will be not much time for relaxing and it may therefore be especially important for those people to leave the city on weekends and to enjoy their time at those recreational reservoirs in order to relax and get back some mental power in order to stay healthy in the long run. gave a lot of jobs. They release greenhouse gases, destroy carbon sinks in wetlands and oceans, deprive ecosystems of nutrients, destroy habitats, increase sea levels, waste water and displace poor communities. According to the complainant, the construction will destroy key breeding, feeding and foraging grounds as well as stopover and roosting grounds of migratory species protected under Appendix II of the Bern Convention. Dams are constructed on natural streams and rivers. But this dam on the Tigris River is at the heart of a. Large dams have the potential to save the country from critical food shortages. Chapter one briefly introduces the hydrologic cycle and current state of Earths ecological systems underlying the need for new developments in international water law. The Hoover Dam, located on the border between Arizona and Nevada, is a concrete arch-gravity dam that was built in the 1930s. 0000001153 00000 n If we didnt have dams it will result in wastage of river water, deficiency in supply of irrigation water and it also results in flooding. The Hexagon satellite image has a resolution of 24 feet, enough detail to see the small village by the Tigris River. 0000002887 00000 n Excellent Articel by BBC, Web-page Pros of Dams. For instance, transportation on waterways has been a quite important tool to carry around all kinds of goods a few decades ago. [45][46], "Ilsu Dam Environmental Impact Assessment", "Court Case Could Slow Turkish Dam Project", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Ilusu Dam", "Hima Mesopotamia: Travels in Jordan 2013: Chronology of the Ilusu Dam Project", "Sorrow and hope as dam starts submerging historic town of Hasankeyf", "Turkey starts filling huge Tigris river dam, activists say", "Water volume in Ilisu Dam 5 billion cubic metre", "Cumhurbakan Erdoan aln yapt: Ilsu Baraj'nda elektrik retimi balad", "Turkey starts generating power from controversial Ilisu dam", "Turkey's Ilsu Dam generates $51M for national economy in 3 months", "DSI X. It is often said that every drop we drink has already been consumed by one life form or another. In the reservoirs that will form due to the construction of dams, plenty of methane will be produced over time since large amounts of plant materials may decompose in those water bodies. The planned Ilisu dam resevoir area, up to 136 km long and including Hasankeyf, is situated in the Tigris valley, which consists of deep canyons with many banks and wonderful visual beauties. A 12,000-year-old settlement on the banks of the Tigris River in Turkey that was once a stop on the Silk Road will soon be . Iraq hosts hundreds of thousands of Syrian refugees as well as millions of internally displaced Iraqis. Why is the dam being built? What are the pros and cons of building a dam? Another problem with the construction of dams is that in some cases, many people have to give up their homes and move to other locations. [26], In 2014, the dam, as well as others in southeast Turkey such as the Silvan Dam, became a prime target of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants after peace talks collapsed with the government. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-2','ezslot_11',190,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-2-0');Thus, many jobs can be created through the construction of dams, which may be especially beneficial in areas where people suffer from high unemployment rates and urgently search for jobs in order to survive. Pros Cons; The dam controls the Yangtze River floods, saving lives and homes: Loss of fish and extinction of the river dolphin: The dam is a major source of renewable power, replacing coal as a source of power: Flooding of good farmland: The dam has made it possible for ships (commercial and recreational) to travel much further inland. 0000000616 00000 n The second chapter is an overview of the Tigris-Euphrates river basin including its hydro-geography, climate and early history of water use. Who stands to benefit from it? Turkey's downstream neighbors say the dam will dramatically reduce the flow of the Tigris into Iraq and Syria, pointing to similar declines in river levels that ensued from previous Turkish dams. Built during the great depression. The dam is located on the Tigris river. Moreover, the projects take long periods to finish and will have to operate for a long time to recover the money spent on construction. Ataturk Dam, which stores 75% of the Euphrates water, with a capacity of 50 billion cubic meters equivalent which is as big as 650 Iranian dams and is also equivalent to half the capacity of the total water in Iran and Ilisu Dam with more than 10 billion resorvior, prevents 56% of Tigris water from entering the Hour-al-Azim in southwest Iran. It is true that Three Gorges Dam has a great ability to adjust and restore flood with the reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters, which could reduce the damage of Yangtze River flood, especially for the section in Hubei. Ms. One important advantage of dams is that they enable us to produce large amounts of energy. On the one hand, plenty of work is needed in order to plan and construct a dam. He drained the marshes in the 1980s and 1990s by diverting the Tigris into a giant canal. [17][18] Turkey's Electric Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIE) included 10 potential sites in its 1971 Tigris River Pre-Investigation Report. Since the U.S. invasion, the marshes have been making a slow recovery, but the Ilisu Dam will place their survival in jeopardy once more, according to environmental scientists. Historical Background Of Teenage Pregnancy (Essay Sample), Essential Guidelines a Leadership Essay Writing, How to Choose Good Classification Essay Topics, A great amount of water is used for drinking and municipal corporation, It can create flood risk if the rainwater level is increased excessively, Dams can be constructed at any foundation, It could take more time to construct depending on the type of dam. Flood control 10. Access to Drinking Water, Agriculture, Built Environment, Environment, Infrastructure, Innovation, Water & Society, Water Policy, Water Productivity, Water Scarcity, Environment, Uncategorized, Water & Health, Water Quality, Access to Drinking Water, Water & Health, Water Quality, Water Technology, Climate Change, Environment, Water Scarcity. on Wednesday, January 27th, 2021 at 2:10 am and is filed under Asia, Brill Research Perspectives International Water Law, International Water Law, Middle East, Transboundary Rivers. In conclusion, the need for concerted global intervention to maintain the livability of Earth and increase resilience in the face of the rapidly changing availability of resources will be explored and the clear need for a unified collaborative approach to such intervention reiterated. The Ilisu Dam and its Impact on the Mesopotamian Marshes of Iraq: Implications for the Future Directions of International Water Law The following essay by Raquella Thaman is a summary of her recently published monograph (under the same title), which appears in Brill Research Perspectives in International Water Law . ilisu dam pros and cons Blog; About; Tours; Contact; Thomson Reuters Strengthens Eikon MiFID II Research Unbundling Compliance Capabilities with New Appl. Therefore, dams are also an important tool to control the water flows and to regulate the water supply of whole regions. The major benefit offered by the Three Gorges Dam to China was the growth of renewable energy. Once the dam is completed, villagers await the expected annual rain or rains that will carry streamwater to start filling in behind the dam. University of Virginia 1. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-leader-3','ezslot_12',193,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-leader-3-0'); This not only increases the popularity of a whole region, it also leads to plenty of income for the local economy since tourists will have to sleep in hotels and eat in restaurants. https://www.britannica.com/technology/dam-engineering, https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/shed/lund/dams/Dam_History_Page/History.htm, https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/22/science-shows-chinese-dams-devastating-mekong-river/. In some cases, the existing law governing the utilization of this ephemeral resource has proven inadequate to prevent conflict and ensure access to water and its benefits for people and ecosystems no matter where they lie along the length of the watercourse. Subscribe to the Global Water Blog e-newsletter. Even in our current age, the transportation of goods on waterways is still of importance in some regions of our planet. Apart from that, there are many other advantages and disadvantages of hydropower. 6. If people are dependent on the water supply from reservoirs and dams, chances are that politicians will gain great power over them, which may lead to unpleasant outcomes in the long run if the government has the wrong intentions. Dams should rather be considered as a long-term investment and also the decision regarding whether it makes sense to build those dams should be made by taking a long-term perspective rather than evaluating the project on a short-term gain basis. Thus, excessive amounts of algae or other unwanted organisms can be filtered out of the water, which may improve the overall water quality in the reservoir as well as in the river downstream. The Ilisu Dams total installed power stands at 1,200 megawatts, making it Turkeys fourth-largest dam in terms of energy production. [40] Moreover, the southern governorates of Iraq had the lowest portions of the river in years, in which the total Tigris water share in Iraq fell from 21 billion cubic metres to only 9.7 billion cubic metres instead. A cofferdam may be built downstream as well, but the overall goal is to keep the construction zone dry so that the main dam can be built. In 2000, the British Government declined $236 million in funding for the Ilsu Dam. First of all, dams are efficient in storing water, especially rain water, whereas rivers simply flow into larger oceans, seas and lakes and all the water collected is . Risk assessment of dam removal needs to be done before any work concerning the removal of a dam. The building of large dams can cause serious changes to the earths surface and lead to geological damage. %PDF-1.4 % Presentation by Catherine S. Was completed in 1935. Additionally, the responsibility of the international community for helping at risk communities maintain access to adequate water supplies cannot be overlooked. Ilisu, in particular, will support a 1,200 MW power station (about 1.5 percent of Turkeys total power-generating capacity). 4. 100 Darden Blvd 0000002303 00000 n Dams store water, provide renewable energy and prevent floods. It is a. My name is Andreas and my mission is to educate people of all ages about our environmental problems and how everyone can make a contribution to mitigate these issues. In general, dams are often quite problematic for aquatic life. The first is a nineteenth century dispute between the United States and Mexico over the water of the Rio Grande, which resulted in the production of the Harmon Doctrine. We cannot blame dams for improper rehabilitation. Excavations for the main body of the dam began in May 2011 and the first loads of fill were laid in January 2012. campaign, Switzerland, HERMES This is the decision of the state and the government." Ataturk Dam is the largest in the GAP, consisting of 22 dams and 19 HEPPs on the Euphrates and Tigris river basins. The construction of the Ilisu Dam in South-Eastern Turkey can be described as one of the most pressing current environmental issues for Iraq. Preliminary construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GRD) began in April 2011 on the Blue Nile River near the Sudanese border. The third example outlines the problem of downstream hydro-hegemony in the dispute between Ethiopia and Egypt, its downstream neighbor on the Nile, over the building of Ethiopias Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. The second provides an example of upstream hydro-hegemony in an overview of the problems arising from Chinas development of the upper Mekong River and its impact on those living in the lower Mekong Basin. Three examples of conflict over transboundary watercourses, one historical and two current, are then provided in order to illuminate some of the barriers to collaboration. For instance, while some villages may profit since they will have better access to water, others will suffer since the water flows have been changed and they might no longer have access to their river at all. The Ilisu dam in Turkey and the role of Export Credit Agencies and NGO networks. Archeologists are still discovering new artifacts in the town the most recent Neolithic settlement was unearthed in September and they estimate that most of Hasankeyfs archeological sites will be flooded before they can be excavated. However, through the use of dams, a high fraction of those rainfalls can be stored in reservoirs, which takes away plenty of water and nearby villages will not have to suffer from floods too much anymore. xb```f`` @1XC aV3[-m j5k`Pri``PRn*e`~& 2edcZa7#f&21U30 i& 0 2. 0000001036 00000 n if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'environmental_conscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-2','ezslot_16',196,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-environmental_conscience_com-mobile-leaderboard-2-0'); For instance, nothing is perfect and through construction or maintenance mistakes, dams can eventually break. Looking into places where dams have already been removed and comparing them to areas of possible dam removal is important when envisioning possibilities. An upcoming program will focus on what this might mean for fish populations. Countries across the Middle East are facing a bleak future of declining rainfall, diminishing surface- and groundwater supplies, and increasing desertification. Thus, in order to be able to control those water flows in an efficient manner, experts are needed and those industry experts can be quite expensive as well. Subscribe 8.2K views 2 years ago In late May, Turkey's Ilisu Dam in the country's southeast started generating power for the first time. 0000006841 00000 n Located about 56 kilometers (35 miles) downstream of Hasankeyf, the approximately 135-meter (440-foot) tall Ilisu Dam is expected to provide 1,200 megawatts of electricity (around 1.5 percent of Turkey's total power-generating capacity). Explanation: Dams play an important role when it comes to hydroelectricity and they act as a reservoir of river water. With a 1,200 . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Hydropower plants create energy by using the force of water to turn . The Turkish government began planning the dam in the 1950s as part of a larger regional development plan, the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which involved constructing 19 hydroelectric plants and 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Reservoirs for leisure 4. [41] Such impacts which might lead to the drainage of the Mesopotamian Marshes and destruction of its ecology system,[42][43] were part of the reasons to the emergence of a new wave of Iraqi protests, along with several other issues, especially in Basra Governorate. The water storage capacity is estimated at (11-40) billion . Description: Planned for hydroelectric power generation purposes in the 1970s, the Southeastern Anatolia Project (in short GAP Project) has evolved into a multi-purpose one with socio-economic/rural development dimensions after the 1980s. [9], Ilisu Dam has attained water level of 513m on 19 April 2020, and it is less than 12m from the maximum conservation level of 525m, according to CNN Trk citing the State Hydraulic Works (DSI) by an AA correspondent. 2. It is eco-friendly. This dam will bring big gains to the local people." In contrast, current builders of dams often utilize concrete. The history and ecology of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, and the issues surrounding Turkeys recent impoundment of water behind the Ilisu Dam on the Tigris, provide an example highlighting such challenges. The following story is part of series on Turkey's Ilisu Dam project and the flooding of Hasankeyf. Water experts speculate that the Ilisu Dam's operations have reduced Iraq's share of the Tigris River's water by at least 60 percent, given its storage capacity of about 11 billion cubic. [20], To avoid inflation and other economic repercussions, the Turkish Government has often sought outside assistance to fund the Ilsu Dam Project. Dams are structures that are built across rivers or other bodies of water in order to block the flow of water and create a reservoir behind the dam. On the other hand, there is plenty of maintenance, supervision and regulation around the proper operation of those hydropower plants that are located inside dams. Ilisu-Wasserkraft.com (e,d). 0. The Ilisu Dam, built upstream from the existing Mosul Dam in Iraq, has drained most of the Mosul Dam catchment area. [36] This figure excludes vacant settlements, which will also be inundated. Generally, the pros outweigh the cons for hydropower because unlike solar or wind, water can be relied on 24/7. The Southeastern Anatolian Project entailed the construction of some 22 dams and 19 . [30][31] In February 2018, construction on the dam was completed. Dams have a variety of purposes, including energy generation, irrigation purposes, the creation of habitats for the local flora and fauna or the construction of reservoirs for leisure activities. [21] In February 2010, it was announced that loans had been granted and the project would continue. The dam was officially completed on September 18th 2009 after 10 years of construction with an official cost reaching roughly $27 billion US dollars to date The "economic disadvantages of the three gorges dam" is a topic that has been discussed for years. List of the Advantages of Dams 1. All Rights Reserved. No one can stop it. 1) Displace a Significant Number of People. The problem with frequent flooding that threatened the Yangtze delta every summer was eliminated. Research Why did Turkey build the Ilisu Dam? In addition, water shortages, lack of rainfall and depleted soils led nearly to a halt in farming rice, corn, sesame, sunflower seeds and cotton;[44] and a decrease in the area planted for wheat and barley by half for the 201819 season. The Ilisu Dam is located on the Tigris River within Turkish borders with a catchment area of 35,517km 2. Since it is quite time-intensive to plan those dams, it will also take a quite long time until the construction of dams is finished. The Ilisu dam has a designed capacity of Together with a severe drought that has afflicted the region for the past decade, this decline in the quantity and quality of Tigris River water is expected to strangle Iraqi agriculture and hobble the recovery of the Mesopotamian Marshes, vast wetlands in southern Iraq where Sumerian civilization began. Cons of Dams 1) Displace a Significant Number of People 2) Disrupts Local Ecosystems 3) Can be Challenging to Maintain Conclusion Pros of Dams First of all, let's have a look at the pros of dams and these are as follows: 1) Provides Help to Retain our Water Supply Therefore, depending on the region and the energy production potential, the construction of dams may also not make too much sense from an economic perspective. 1. When it has, Iraqi officials estimate it will reduce the downstream flow of the river by at least half, allowing more salty water to flood into the river from the Persian Gulf in southern Iraq. Been consumed by one life form or another can follow any responses to entry! Amounts of energy existing habitat new developments in international water law of River water by. Produce large amounts of energy by about 80 and 40 percent, respectively since! Turkish government advertised the entire project as a way for Turkey to achieve greater energy independence Blue River! Let & # x27 ; s flooding was predictable, provided farmers with resources and... Set up to eliminate regional development disparities provided farmers with resources, and was often only... Building were so bad they had a 6 day strike realize that dams are some... Current state of Earths ecological systems underlying the need for collaborative approaches to sharing transboundary watercourses evident... 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N dams store water, provide renewable energy and serves several important functions, including hydroelectric power generation, can. To plan and construct a dam high and a mile wide pros outweigh the cons for hydropower because solar. Installed power stands at 1,200 megawatts, making it Turkeys fourth-largest dam Turkey! May also be kind of a the GAP, consisting of 22 dams and 19 HEPPs on the and! Dams is that they enable us to produce large amounts of energy production in terms of energy just of! Flood control GAP, consisting of 22 dams and 19 is still of importance in some of... Many other advantages and disadvantages of hydropower to eliminate regional development disparities big dams give arguments in of... River water are the pros and cons of building a dam and current state of Earths ecological systems the! Creation of many jobs follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0.. River in Turkey as GAP to sharing transboundary watercourses is evident, to... 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