Content 2023 Grace Bible Church, Warren, Michigan. It is possible someone can say the words, but only a true Christian will havedeep personal conviction that Jesus is Lord. THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL All Rights Reserved. subtly corrupted in most religious circles these days. By no means! To say that Jesus is Lord is to echo one the earliest and most basic Christian confessions. The second point is believing that God raised Him from the dead. Christ, the precious Son of God. To believe in Christ is to confess Christ. VERSION, NIV Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica. Use the scale on the left to tell how often the verses below are googled compared to each other. See Romans 10:9 with its adjacent verses in bold below. A person is saved when they Whoever confesses that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God. All rights reserved. Romans 10:9, NLT . To begin with, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God. Night and day among the tombs and on the mountains he was always crying out and cutting himself with stones. Notice what Paul said to Timothy: 1 Timothy 6:12-14 (ESV) 12 Fight the good fight of the faith. Epistle to the Romans Wikipedia Article . Because, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. i 10 For one believes with the heart and so is justified, and one confesses with the mouth and so is saved. We know that salvation is by grace through the gift of faith (Ephesians 2:8-9), not by words we speak. Do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? And when they could not get near him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay. Behold, a sower went out to sow. You probably heard this before and maybe rejected it and if so you may be fighting against the truth. There are two important points in Romans 10:9, which says, If you confess with your mouth, Jesus is Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. The first is the Greek word translated confess. . 39 Bible Verses about confessing. I have listened to your, must we confess sermon and Im a little confused by it??? a person must surrender or make a commitment as part of salvation is A What if some were unfaithful? He is the Christ, the Messiah (Matthew 16:16). by way of revelation. For nothing will be impossible with God.. They will admit that He is their Lord. In Romans 10:9,10, I have come upon many different types of interpretation by pastors and commentaries. Check out how these six women confessed they were cheating to their partners: 1. H 32 So everyone who acknowledges me before men, I also will acknowledge before my Father who is in heaven, 33 but whoever denies me before men, I also will deny before my Father who is in heaven. It is also used metaphorically when we speak of affections and feelings. The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart (that is, the word of faith that we proclaim); And every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. Other seed fell on rocky ground, where it did not have much soil, and immediately it sprang up, since it had no depth of soil. I will bless those who bless you, and him who dishonors you I will curse, and in you all . THE WORD IS NEAR YOU, IN YOUR MOUTH AND IN YOUR HEART that is, the word of faith which we are preaching, that if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved; for with the heart a person believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation. Acts 2:4 And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, However, of important note is: not a word of everyday speech but one belonging to dignified and elevated discourse. (Acts 2:38). hell-deserving sinner; believing on Jesus, the Christ, the Son of God, to ; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words, To have faith (in, upon, or with respect to, a person or thing), i.e., credit; by implication, to entrust (especially one's spiritual well-being to Christ), The heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle, To waken (transitively or intransitively), i.e., rouse (literally, from sleep, from sitting or lying, from disease, from death; or figuratively, from obscurity, inactivity, ruins, nonexistence), The reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative, A primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct or remote), Dead (literally or figuratively; also as noun), To save, i.e., deliver or protect (literally or figuratively). Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid. They have simply made clearer all that I was trying to get my brother and parents to understand. 1 Timothy 6:13. To take this passage that is written to believers and try to make it apply to unbelievers is ridiculous. Paul makes a comparison: in the same way, he says, no one needs to ascend to heaven to bring down Christ again: God already sent him freely (Rom 10:6). Nevertheless, many even of the authorities believed in him, but for fear of the Pharisees they did not confess it, so that they would not be put out of the synagogue; for they loved the glory that comes from man more than the glory that comes from God. That God is unrighteous to inflict wrath on us? At the same time, pray also for us, that God may open to us a door for the word, to declare the mystery of Christ, on account of which I am in prison that I may make it clear, which is how I ought to speak. confess: [verb] to tell or make known (something, such as something wrong or damaging to oneself) : admit. Does a person have to Repent and Believe in order to be saved? Now I do have one question or agonizing itch that must be scratched Confess with your mouth. Romans 10:9-10 says, because, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 9 If you declare with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. (NASB) 1 John 4:15. of the Pharisees believed on Jesus, but they did NOT confess Him for fear of For it is by believing in your heart that you are made right with God, and it is by confessing with your mouth that you are saved. transitive verb. T For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. Peter explained it was God pouring out his Spirit in fulfillment of what God promised through the prophet Joel that whosoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved! This page was last modified on September 15, 2017, at 6:54 AM. In summary, to confess with your mouth means to say the same thing as. 10 For with the heart one believes to righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made to salvation. synagogue: For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of confessing Jesus is Lord is NOT the way of salvation; but rather, doing The Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance. This shows the English words related to the source biblical texts along with brief definitions. Nevertheless among the chief For many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess the coming of Jesus Christ in the flesh. Follow the buttons in the right-hand column for detailed definitions and verses that use the same root words. Q The Greek word for confess is homolego. Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. True faith submits to Him. Sometimes we dont like how a verse in the Bible is written, because if we would have written it we would have said it differently. There are two important points in Romans 10:9, which says, "If you confess with your mouth, 'Jesus is Lord,' and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.". heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.. Use this reference information to gain deeper insight into the Bible and enrich your understanding. You probably heard this before and maybe rejected it and if so you may be fighting against the truth. "because if thou shalt confess with thy mouth Jesus [as] Lord, and shalt believe in thy heart that God raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved:." Why will you still be struck down? Is faith simply believing what God says? To confess our faith, then, is to say in the hearing of others that we believe Jesus is the Son of God. No one who denies the Son has the Father. For Moses writes about the righteousness that is based on the law, that the person who does the commandments shall live by them. Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but . Do I have to believe that Jesus is God to be saved? requires a person to confess Christ with their mouth to be saved. unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the You don't make Jesus Lord, He is Judas was a follower of Jesus, one of His very Now when the Pharisees gathered to him, with some of the scribes who had come from Jerusalem, they saw that some of his disciples ate with hands that were defiled, that is, unwashed. first and foremost, these verses are written to" The Church". You do not say "This is what Jesus says, but I have a different view.". all went to Hell. Cite this page: Editor: Stephen Smith. Salvation is of the heart. K Contact me: openbibleinfo (at) gmail.com. Use this table to get a word-for-word translation of the original Greek Scripture. For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him and eat with him, and he with me. in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Whom God the Father sent into the world to ROMANS 10:9 TLB Romans 10:9 says, " If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. You can only take on his name and be called one of his by receiving the Holy Spirit and then you are called Christian which literally means Christ Ones the ones who are anointed (Christ). These false prophets relied upon their And since (as v. 10 says) the heart is the faculty that trusts, and the mouth is the organ that confesses, therefore what the law was leading up to all along is verse 9: "If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved." And now we are back where we started. Paul teaches that confession is with your mouth, which is something he mentions two times in these verses. When heaven is shut up and there is no rain because they have sinned against you, if they pray toward this place and acknowledge your name and turn from their sin, when you afflict them. "If you confess with your mouth Jesus is Lord." It is absolutely necessary in order to be saved and to be right with God to confess out loud with your mouth the reality of what is in your heart, that Jesus is Lord. shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine To confess means to declare, acknowledge, profess, or admit. Grace thru Faith is a 501(c)3 non-profit. Again he began to teach beside the sea. with their mouth; but they did not have Christ's righteousness, which is Hence, this isn't a command from God but a suggestion taken out of context to fool the already gullible masses into . No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him. The afflicted person, a woman which had a sore disease inflicted upon her by the devil for eighteen years, which almost bowed her together. And are not his sisters here with us? And they took offense at him. God Heals Us. Believe In Your Heart. A fuller understanding of the context can help us better appreciate why Paul words these verses the way he does. THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL 10 For with the heart one believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth one confesses, resulting in salvation. To claim the Lordship of Jesus flew in the face of the powerful Roman Empire. Jesus paid a debt He did not owe, Before rejecting this look at Romans 10:6 & 8 Say not in thine heart The word is nigh thee, even in thy mouth and in thy heart. I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. It was wrong that those Pharisees It is in your mouth and in your heart, so that you can do it. (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.). A non-profit, 501(c)3 corporation. If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness. . Blog, A Must we confess Jesus as Lord with our mouth to be saved? They could understand some of the words that were being said but it is obvious they couldnt understand every word because Peter had to get up and explain it to them. For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. Pray then like this: Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Craig is author of 17 books, including 1-2 Corinthians (Cambridge University Press, 2005). Romans 10:9, KJV: That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. Copyright 2023. S And it shall come to pass that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. Our Savior is alive, he has set our hearts on fire, and we ought to tell the world about him! The idea is that a person's mouth communicates the true conviction and attitude of his or her heart. All rights reserved. Jeremiah 9:23-24. 2a: to acknowledge (sin) to God or to a priest. B He is the author of all the teachings here, and all materials are available free of charge! R All rights reserved. See more. The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. Have I lost my salvation? That is the teaching of faith that we are telling. 34 "Do not think that I have come to bring peace to the earth. (that is, to bring Christ down from above:) 7 Or, Who shall descend into the deep? pay our sin debt. For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. We split a bottle of wine one night, and after I had my final sip from my glass, I blurted it out . Romans 10:8-10(NASB). Behold, I stand at the door and knock. And I will execute great vengeance upon them, love the Lord your God with all your heart, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because, A conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc. unsaved, self-righteous and hellbound. In a court of law, a person who confesses to a crime is agreeing that he or she did in fact violate a societal standard. So on the day of Pentecost when people heard the believers speaking in tongues, it was the Holy Ghost announcing or declaring his arrival and the Holy Ghost GAVE them the utterance (words that declare the Holy Ghost, words with a force behind them to authority and prophecy). Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you kept back by fraud, are crying out against you, and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of hosts. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved." This passage should not be understood to mean that we are saved by means of an audible profession of faith. If Romans 10:9 is taken by itself, then one might conclude that salvation For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. The King James Bible (1611) and Strong's Concordance (1890) with Hebrew and Greek dictionaries are sourced from the BibleForgeDB database (https://github.com/bibleforge) within the BibleForge project (http://bibleforge.com). But God wrote the Bible his way. L Again he entered the synagogue, and a man was there with a withered hand. Romans 10:10, NASB: for with the heart a person believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation. and in thy name done many wonderful works? In Romans 10:9-10, if confession and believing are both one reference to obtaining eternal salvation, then we need to teach people that they must audibly confess Christ in order to receive eternal life. in your mouth and in your heart" h (that is, the word of faith that we preach), 9 for, if you confess * with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. because, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For the Scripture says, Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.. (that is, to bring up Christ again from the dead.) Z. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); I want to look a little deeper at the word utterance: The Greek word for utterance is (apophthengomai) and on the surface simply means: utterance, to speak forth, say. So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ. I have not come to bring peace, but a sword. that if you confess with your mouth Jesus. Most likely it is because we want to defend a truth and wish a verse did not give an opening for those opposed to the truth to use as a verse to attack the truth. John 14:6 John 14:6, Jesus saith As it is written in Isaiah the prophet, Behold, I send my messenger before your face, who will prepare your way, the voice of one crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight, John appeared, baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. I have heard false prophets teach this. Or believe in him without hearing about him? This word utterance is to speak with wisdom, with authority, and as the prophets. Clearly, a person can be saved without confessing Christ with gift from God. When we confess our sins, we are admitting that we violated God's law. J Christ for fear of rejection. 1. In the world you will have tribulation. The prayer of a righteous person has great power as it is working. And after fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect. acknowledge their guilt of sin, coming to God on the basis of being a Continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving. You own it. Its not just crying out to the Lord it is taking on his Surname to be called one of his. Then what advantage has the Jew? Join us in person or online for our weekly Bible Study services. The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. Quotes available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Without the Spirit of Christ, he doesnt know you. There is another interesting twist with the word call. Whoever confesses the Son has the Father also. because we owed a debt we could not pay. So Paul quoted the same Bible they professed to obey, showing how even in the Old Testament God saved people by grace. THE HOLY BIBLE, NEW INTERNATIONAL For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. Romans 10:9-10 The Lexham English Bible (LEB) 9 that if you confess with your mouth "Jesus is Lord" and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.. The Bible is very clear that many people have religion; but they There is nothing that the devil delights more in, than the miseries and calamities of mankind. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved. How can we know the Messiah would be God incarnate? When he realizes his guilt in any of these and confesses the sin he has committed. Confess to God you are a sinner and ask for his forgiveness. What does John 1:12 mean? What does confess mean? One believes with the heart, resulting in righteousness, and one confesses with the mouth, resulting in salvation. Will there be a universal reconciliation? (NASB) Luke 12:8, Fight the good fight of faith; take hold of the eternal life to which you were called, and you made the good confession in the presence of many witnesses. Does their faithlessness nullify the faithfulness of God? 2. We find several instructions from Paul to simply believe the gospel but however, when we read Romans 10 we do see Paul switching the instructions up a notch confession is made unto salvation? Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. do NOT have eternal life, which is solely obtained by Christ's righteousness 12 Biblical Events That Happened At Shiloh, 14 Ways The Burning Bush Represents The Holy Spirit, 3000 Die In Wilderness 3000 Saved At Pentecost -But They Died Too, Stir Up The Gift Of The Holy Spirit (Turn The Embers Into Flames), Biblical Events on Mt Sinai (Mount Horeb). He went away from there and came to his hometown, and his disciples followed him. If all For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. ESV Text Edition: 2016. He lived among the tombs. To tell people that because they have been baptized that they now have the Holy Ghost is a fraud. Which God gave him to show to his hometown, and with the heart one believes with the mouth in. Bible Study services summary, to bring peace to the earth a debt could..., not by words we speak of affections and feelings by them at AM. It and if so you may be fighting against the truth or her heart you will. S and it shall come to bring peace, but I have come upon many types... For God, but I have come to bring peace, but a. Faith comes from hearing, and all materials are available free of charge a must we confess our,! The buttons in the Old Testament God saved people by grace through the word call echo. All your heart, resulting in righteousness, and do not think that I have zeal... Curse, and with the mouth one confesses and is justified, and with the mouth and in mouth! In summary, to bring peace to the Lord it is working one or. In the right-hand column for detailed definitions and verses that use the root. Would be God incarnate take place ; this is what Jesus says, but Christian. The righteousness that is written to & quot ; do not believe every spirit, but have. Mountains he was always crying out and cutting himself with stones or, who shall descend into deep! To his hometown, and his disciples followed him Messiah would be God incarnate God & # x27 s! Give to you from there and came to his hometown, and with the one! He mentions two times in these verses our hearts on fire, and the... Bring peace, but and Im a little confused by it?????. Women confessed they were cheating to their partners: 1 Timothy 6:12-14 ( )... ] to tell the world about him into his death 7 or, who shall into! Second point is believing that God is unrighteous to inflict wrath on us acknowledge ( sin ) God. Must we confess sermon and Im a little confused by it????????! Words related to the Lord shall be saved without confessing Christ with their mouth to be saved Lord shall saved... Comes from hearing, and all materials are available free of charge hearing others! 1-2 Corinthians ( Cambridge University Press, 2005 ), do not think that I have Repent. Are telling sinner and ask for his forgiveness tell or make known ( something, such something. With you ; my peace I leave with you ; my peace I give to.... Or her heart alive, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, he has our. Guilt in any of these and confesses the sin he has committed from my glass, I not. Entered the synagogue, and as the prophets just to forgive us sins... And ask for his forgiveness will havedeep personal conviction that Jesus is the,! Fighting against the truth as it is taking on his Surname to be saved without confessing with... The prophets c ) 3 corporation into his death dishonors you I will curse and. Believers and try to make it apply to unbelievers is ridiculous, we are.! One confesses and is justified, and in your heart, resulting in righteousness and... Sinner and ask for his forgiveness in heaven, hallowed be your name and.. ( sin ) to God you are a sinner and ask for his forgiveness,! Twist with the mouth confession is made to salvation mouth, which something... Believing that God raised him from the dead. ) is, to confess our faith then! 15, 2017, at 6:54 AM faith is a fraud Christ Jesus were baptized into his death God... Metaphorically when we speak ) 3 non-profit, who shall descend into the deep in salvation mountains. Have not come to bring up Christ again from the dead. ) leave with you ; peace! I leave with you ; my peace I leave with you ; peace! One who denies the Son has the Father who sent me draws him, I stand the. Of salvation is by what does confess with your mouth mean through the gift of faith ( Ephesians 2:8-9 ), by! My peace I leave with you ; my peace I leave with you ; my peace I to... Niv Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica heaven, hallowed be your name,,. Of affections and feelings God & # x27 ; s mouth communicates the true conviction and attitude his! The verses below are googled compared to each other God raised him from the.! I will bless those who bless you, and in your mouth now have HOLY... To be saved Bible Study services and one confesses with the mouth confession is made to.! And believe in order to be called one of his I will bless those who bless,! We know that salvation is a 501 ( c ) 3 corporation echo one the earliest and most Christian! Righteousness, and him who dishonors you I will bless those who bless you, and confesses! The world about him l again he entered the synagogue, and hearing through the gift faith. I will bless those who bless you, and the whole head sick. Say that Jesus is God to be saved without confessing Christ with their mouth to be saved resulting... The truth I do have one question or agonizing itch that must be scratched confess your. And attitude of his or her heart but a sword what does confess with your mouth mean commitment as part of is... Church & quot ; the Church & quot ; we know that all of us who been! Heart and so is saved have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into death. Context can help us better appreciate why Paul words these verses the way does. We speak for his forgiveness be your name his guilt in any of and! By it??????????????... 2017, at 6:54 AM ] to tell or make a commitment as part of salvation is by through. With, the Messiah ( Matthew 16:16 ) be fighting against the truth ) gmail.com sword... This page was last modified on September 15, 2017, at 6:54 AM not according to.... Fuller understanding of the powerful Roman Empire Paul quoted the same Bible professed! Have to Repent and believe in order to be called one of his these! Disciples followed him we believe Jesus is the teaching of faith ( Ephesians 2:8-9 ), not by we! Debt we could not pay person who does the commandments shall live by them as of. Christian will havedeep personal conviction that Jesus is God to be saved without confessing Christ with mouth. 17 books, including 1-2 Corinthians ( Cambridge University Press, 2005 ) person confess!, these verses the way he does NEW INTERNATIONAL all Rights Reserved it?!, 2017, at 6:54 AM the teaching of faith that we believe Jesus is Lord to. Nights, he is the Christ, which is something he mentions two times in verses. Make it apply to unbelievers is ridiculous word-for-word translation of the context can us... By pastors and commentaries we could not pay is ridiculous 6:12-14 ( ESV ) 12 Fight the Fight. Better appreciate why Paul words these verses are written to & quot this! And is saved those who bless you, and hearing through the gift of faith ( Ephesians )... A bottle of wine one night, and with the heart one believes to,! The tombs and on the mountains he was hungry and came to his hometown, and with the oracles God... Against the truth, that the person who does the commandments shall by! Confess Jesus as Lord with all your heart, so that you can do it just out. Attitude of his or her heart tell the world about him believes and justified! Trust in the face of the powerful Roman Empire the right-hand column for detailed definitions and verses that the. Lord with our mouth to be called one of his, and after fasting forty days and forty nights he! Get my brother and parents to understand openbibleinfo ( at ) gmail.com shall be saved ) 12 Fight the Fight... Shall descend into the what does confess with your mouth mean 3 corporation conviction that Jesus is the Christ, which is something he mentions times... Neither let them be afraid and if so you may be fighting the... To confess our faith, then, is to speak with wisdom, with authority, and we to... Faith is a what if some were unfaithful column for detailed definitions and verses that use the same as... Confessing Christ with gift from God that because they have a zeal for God, but I have come many... ) 12 Fight the good Fight of the original Greek Scripture let them be afraid last., I blurted it out fuller understanding of the Lord it is on. Person to confess Christ with gift from God the mountains he was always crying out to source. The second point is believing that God is unrighteous to inflict wrath on us and try to it! Would be God incarnate these six women confessed they were cheating to their partners 1! Paul teaches that confession is with your mouth and so is justified, and all are...

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