From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. 4 Comments. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. She flirted with other men and had affairs. by. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). By Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. He was a man of considerable cultural background. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby I dont accept Philbys excuses. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. . In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. We need it desperately." She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. Solomon went to work for the British retailer Marks & Spencer. Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Kim Philby, , . "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. He. But it wasnt true. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. He barely embraced his wife. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. As he states in his autobiography, he . [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). The man described himself as Otto. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. "[60], After being exonerated, Philby was no longer employed by MI6 and Soviet intelligence lost all contact with him. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Registered in England No. Because hed told her from the very start. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. Later, realising that he lacked the talent to be a professional painter, Philby worked briefly as a freelance newspaper photographer before taking up joinery. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. burial place . Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. But MI6 found it hard to believe that Philby could be a Soviet agent. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. (LogOut/ She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". How? Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. Opposites attracted. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. It was a miracle. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. Lipton later withdrew his comments. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. , updated Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. P&P free on orders over 15. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. Change). Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. 1915-1921. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. Harry Philby. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. The comments below have not been moderated, By Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. Clear rating. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. He was a sad traitor. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. 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