Hence, we need to understand, compare, and learn from leading values in China's political culture. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. Seventy years on, many Chinese believe that their political system is now actually more legitimate and effective than the Wests. First, China and the United States are at different stages of development. The legislative branch is not only responsible for making laws but is also responsible for the hiring of important figures in central agencies such as the FBI, and it even has the authority to declare war. This is a natural outcome of the decline in U.S. strength. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. A command economy is the opposite of a free economy and it is usually dominated by the government which is always controlling major aspects of businesses. -- The CPC is at the core of the country's leadership and the ruling party, while the non-communist parties are participating parties. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. Although murdering babies and elderly with medical sanctions in multiple too left . However, it is important to compare and contrast countries to see which policies are working in the best way and what can be changed. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. The PRC isn't just pragmatic, but also respectful towards all of its partners. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. People who do take long-term career risks often do so only after fulfilling their primary need for short-term security. A country that provides its citizen with education produces better minds that can bring in better business ideas to the economy. The Incarcerated Vote. The U.S. continues to vilify China, and China does itself no favors with its poor policy on human rights. (If you want to contribute and have specific expertise, please contact us at opinions@cgtn.com. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Land use is the most direct manifestation of human activities, accompanied by changes in land cover. Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. Its aggressive handling of Covid-19in sharp contrast to that of many Western countries with higher death rates and later, less-stringent lockdownshas, if anything, reinforced that view. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. In 2020, a year of severe difficulties all over the world, there was no significant increase in Chinese corporate defaults. The US is a developed country, its national infrastructure has essentially been completed; China is a developing country and is undergoing large-scale infrastructure construction. Empowered by Xi to deal with the corruption that had become so prevalent early in that decade, the commission can arrest and hold suspects for several months; its decisions cannot be overturned by any other entity in China, not even the supreme court. He believes Chinese people are fixated on. Routledge. Some of its technological successes have been driven by market forces: People wanted to buy goods or communicate more easily, and the likes of Alibaba and Tencent have helped them do just that. The highest court in China is the Supreme Peoples Court, which includes the Chief Justice and over 340 other judges, including 13 that are considered grand justices. Furthermore, it is important for nations to be flexible when it comes to global market system and change laws when necessary in order to attract investment and grow the economy like China did. This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. The U.S., on the other hand, is infamous for its self-deluded belief in so-called "American Exceptionalism," to which end it obsessively seeks to force all others to change their ways in order to replicate its own radically. Majority of China's production companies are owned and managed by the government. Those countries have since 1945 been pluralist democracies with independent judiciaries. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. If the U.S. abandons the one-China policy and supports Taiwans independence, conflict will be inevitable, with unimaginable consequences for the world market. China, if it doesnt respond to U.S. nationalist challenges, will face soaring nationalist pressures at home. The vehicles for much of this investment are still the CCPs Soviet-style five-year plans, which include the development of what Xi has termed an eco-civilization built around solar energy technology, smart cities, and high-density, energy-efficient housing. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Hence the old joke that Chinas definition of a win-win scenario is one in which China wins twice. Shan: Despite initial blunders, China has handled the coronavirus pandemic well through strict lockdowns and mass testing. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. Thus many Chinese consumers prefer the short-term gains of the stock market to locking their money away in long-term savings vehicles. For example, the British role in the Opium Wars of the 1840s kicked off a 100-year period that the Chinese still refer to as the Century of Humiliation. After observing how other nations are doing well under democracy in the international market, countries with command systems are now doing all they can to change this even if it means giving up some of their traditions. In much Western analysis the verb most commonly attached to Chinas reforms is stalled. The truth is that political reform in China hasnt stalled. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. Shanghainese are up-to-date on the newest trends, whereas Beijingers prefer Qing Dynasty fashion. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. This is the logical extension of China-U.S. competition from the perspective of U.S. economic nationalism. For instance, a business that wants to invest in China from the US, it must be prepared for more restrictions and should not expect Chines courts to consider the condition that leads to a certain situation since their law does not permit this. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . Unfortunately, you cant copy samples. What is the political difference between China and the USA? Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Its stated purpose was to reduce Americas trade deficit. Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). So a Marxist-Leninist system is concerned not only with economic outcomes but also with gaining and maintaining control over the system itself. These officials preside over different tribunals and committees, which can range from civil, administrative to communication, and transport cases. 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. Investors have always been enticed by Chinas vast market. Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. ProEssays website, please click below to request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one? Even in Beijing many people wore Mao suits and cycled everywhere; only senior Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials used cars. One example is the reinvention in the late 2010s of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Canadian jurisdiction is the opposite; if it's not left to the Provinces, it's most likely the responsibility of the federal government. However, the beliefs and positions of political parties change over time, so . Simmons-Harris Comparative Politics Constitutional Powers Successful Pressure Groups UK and US Constitution Foundations of American Democracy Amendments After the Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Brutus Papers Checks and Balances Commerce Clause Concurrent Powers Confederation Constitutional Amendment Process Contract with America A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. What is it that Americans dont understand about China? Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. Both countries have a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branch. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. Beijing expats speak Mandarin better than Shanghai ones. With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. This plays out every time a Western company negotiates access to the Chinese market. The economic nationalism model that ultimately serves U.S. economic interests. In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. Comparision between US, UK, and China's Political Systems The United States Of America is a liberal democratic country, and the basic elements of democracy (majority rule, government by popular consent, one person one vote, and competitive elections, to name a few) are revered. China now has better highways, rail systems, bridges, and airports than the United States does. There are several major differences: China's system is based on the governance of one political party only (China has 8 other parties that serve in a consultative role). Political discourse in China remains anchored in Marxist-Leninist ideas of struggle (douzheng) and contradiction (maodun)both seen as attributes that force a necessary and even healthy confrontation that can help achieve a victorious outcome. It continues apace. The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . The collapse of the USSR appeared to validate that belief, given that the Soviet regimes inability to deliver meaningful economic growth for its citizens contributed to its collapse: Russias eventual integration into the global economy (perestroika) followed Mikhail Gorbachevs political reforms (glasnost). But defaults and bankruptcies are common in a market economy. In fact, China is the only G20 country to have posted positive growth. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. He was born in China, and his life was upended during the Cultural Revolution, when he was sent off to do farm labor in the Gobi Desert. Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. I see no systemic risk either in Chinas banking system or in its economy. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. Obviously, as an economy develops and new problems emerge, all social systems need certain reforms. The President and the National Peoples Congress, which is the main body of the country, are all elected by the Peoples Congress. For international business management of doing business in a democratic country such as the US, it can be very comfortable for them since most barriers of trade have been removed and the political system is conducive. Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? Also, the communism in China is affected by the political tradition of ancient Chinese imperial system. Western systems are . 9. Would you like to get this essay by email? Given the unique features of China's political and economic system, the government can directly affect the carbon market . Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). Unlike China, the U.S. spends more than 50% above its annual revenues leading to high deficits. : Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90. Springer. Order original essay online with 25% off. Its just not liberal reform. In our experience, many Westerners dont understand what that means or why it matters. And the party has always believed in and emphasized the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist thought, with all they imply. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. By 2020 she was intent on seeing her seven-year-old grandson and infant granddaughter (a second child had only recently become legal) do well. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. . What to Know. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. How can outside investors ensure that they dont become collateral damage in a bigger political and economic war? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! China is also Apples biggest market for iPhones: It has about twice as many iPhone users as the United States does. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. The U.S. also repeatedly provoked China using freedom and democracy as a pretext. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. The policies that are discussed in the Legislative Branch on the government are also through the civic engagement process, where the representatives elected by the citizens seek to change the policy or create one to serve them (lumen, 2020). Now CEO of the Hong Kongbased $40 billion private-equity firm PAG, Shan spoke with HBR Editor in Chief Adi Ignatius about the economic prospects for China and the United States. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. The differences in political beliefs led to the formation of a two-party system in the United States, contrary to George Washington's wishes. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. The main difference between Chinese and US politics is the political ideologies, and one is founded on a democratic yet capitalist system while the other has been led through decades on a Communist and one-party system. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. Accept that economic development in China will not inevitably lead to democracy; acknowledge that the Chinese regard their government as both legitimate and effective; and recognize that while Chinese consumers have short-term horizons, their rulers are focused on the countrys long-term security. Businesspeople and politicians in the West hold outdated beliefs about the second-largest economy in the world. Sage. These are the reforms China is makingand they need to be understood on their own terms, not simply as a distorted or deficient version of a liberal model. Even though China is diverse in its ethnic groups, it is still a relatively high homogenous group, which is also reflected in its politics. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. Lets imagine the personal history of a Chinese woman who is 65 today. Sometimes, in fact, it must sacrifice economic benefits for political or military ones. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. It often compares itself to brands with which Westerners are familiar. Obviously the ideology of nationalist identification under the pandemic has greatly roughened the political landscape for China and the U.S. In fact, the pandemic has made the world, Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America, Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. The Chinese premier less so. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . But at every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Partycentral to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape all Chinese peoplehas stressed the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist doctrine. In the years since, China has become an economic titan, a global leader in technology innovation, and a military superpower, all while tightening its authoritarian system of governmentand reinforcing a belief that the liberal narrative does not apply to China. The past decade has, if anything, strengthened Chinese leaders view that economic reform is possible without liberalizing politics. But surely gun shops being essential service during a huge medical virus shutdown is the height of insanity at this moment on this planet. China is more corporatism, which is the organization of society by corporate groups such as military and agriculture, which can even be seen through its different selective assemblies and congresses. In this system, the courts depend on the set legal codes by which the juries are only allowed to make their judgment basing on these codes. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . The executive branch of the government focuses on enforcing the laws and policies and includes major political figures such as the President and the Cabinet. The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. (2016). Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. We have both sat in meetings where business executives, particularly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, expressed surprise at Chinas insistence that they transfer ownership of their IP to a Chinese company. They make three plausible but false assumptions: Democracy is an inevitable consequence of economic development; authoritarian regimes are never seen as legitimate; and the Chinese think, behave, and invest much like anyone in the West. There are major differences in the political views of people from different nations.. eligion is another topic that creates differences among cultures.. Reforming Sino-American Cultural Exchange for the Better. This, of course, mirrors the role of U.S. defense and intelligence spending in the development of Silicon Valley. Economic and Political Differences: China VS. United States. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. Nobody can take America's newfound domestic support for diversity seriously until it finally starts applying the same principles abroad like China does. But over the next 30 years, thanks to policies aimed at developing the economy and increasing capital investment, China emerged as a global power, with the second-largest economy in the world and a burgeoning middle class eager to spend. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? Looking into the future, the path for China-U.S. cooperation will become more tortuous owing to the nationalist ideological struggle triggered by the coronavirus. Why do leaders in the West persist in getting China so wrong? The old imperial bureaucracy helps modern Chinese to make the government started on more efficient point to absorb interest than any other countries (King, F. J., The United States and China Fourth Edition, 1979, When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. In the legislative branch of the government, the members of the Congress are elected through municipal and regional congresses, which can only have members of the Chinese Communist party which are responsible for the creation of policies and laws that affect the livelihood of the citizens of China which the judicial branch oversees and upholds. For any deep analysis of the ideological aspects of the China-U.S. rivalry to be complete, two questions need to be answered: What political interests do the ideologies serve, and in what forms are they presented? Economic and macro-political changes happening globally is something that international business management must consider before doing business since it will influence the decisions that they make regarding their business. Which serves U.S. interests better, a free and democratic China, or an authoritarian China that identifies with U.S. leadership? Westerners failure to appreciate this explains why many still expect China to reduce its role as investor, regulator, and, especially, intellectual property owner when that role is in fact seen as essential by the Chinese government. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. By 2008 she was making the most of the rise in disposable incomes by buying new consumer goods that her parents could only have dreamt about. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. However, in recent times China has overtaken the US by at least one measure of total economic strength, which is GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP). 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