effects of bihar earthquake 1934effects of bihar earthquake 1934

(Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. Geol. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. 74(3) 213-229. In Nepal, Damage was mainly destructive in central Nepal, including Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the country. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. Burrard S 1934 Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15, 1934; Nature(London) 133 582-583. Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. Seismicity of earth and associated phenomenon (2nd ed.). Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. affected during this earthquake. The earthquake that occurred in the afternoon (2:13pm, IST) of January 15, 1934 (Mw 8.2), is one of the strongest among the twentieth century Himalayan events. (2020). A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. Jorganesh Press. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. Your email address will not be published. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. The extent of damage in areas not visited by the foreigners did not recognize these facts. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. In H. J. Couchman (Ed. ), Historical disaster experiences, transcultural researchHeidelberg studies on Asia and Europe in a global context (p. 241266). The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. [8] The town of Birgunj was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu. The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. B., Ghosh, A. M. N., & Wadia, D. N. (1939). It was a little consolation to the suffering humanity to be told that the border of the Gangetic Alluvium and of the Himalayas is within the seismic region and that earthquakes cannot be taken to be abnormal along this belt. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). Hill districts of the epicentral zone of the 1934 earthquake tend to lose population, while Nepalese population dramatically increases in the foothills near the Indian border. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. Sci. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . Following the major quake, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were recorded; where few of them were greater shocks too. Bihar is located in the high seismic zone that falls on the boundary of the tectonic plate joining the Himalayan tectonic plate near the Bihar-Nepal Border and has six sub-surface fault lines moving towards the Gangetic planes in four directions. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. Thank you for visiting nature.com. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! The loss to livestock was enormous. Surv. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). the worst was the 1934 earthquake in which more than 10,000 people lost their lives, followed . Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. Bull. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. Everest. India Spec. ), 2019. Brett,W.B. Liquefaction studies using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934 (Sukhija et al., 2002) . The study reported that the recovery was faster . Part of Springer Nature. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. Areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered significant damage. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics A., Auden, J. B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. Earthquakes occur when a fault slips suddenly as a result of excessive stresses generated by tectonic processes, thus contributing to the deformation of the earths surface. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. Journal of Earth System Science. Abstract The Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes during the last century1934 Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and arguably the 1905 Kangra. The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. The continuing northward motion of India at the rate of about four centimeters per year has created wide-spread deformation, giving rise to the worlds highest mountains. 3. 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. S. K. BANERJI . Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal Bilham, R. (2019). With the 7.8-magnitude earthquake hitting Turkey this Monday. In few cases, buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too. Everest. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. 3. 1.Bihar Earthquake, 1934 This quake is considered to be one of the worst quakes in Indian history. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). Over 70% of the building collapsed in Kathmandu. Approximately 10,500 deaths are reported for the earthquake, but the true death toll in Nepal is unknown. The M6.5 earthquakes affected mostly the far western portion of Nepal mainly Baitadhi, Bajhang and Darchula. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, Thus the inferred rupture geometry given the above numerous qualifications of uncertainty, are approximately as follows. Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, Part of the GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences book series (GEPS). For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). The ground around these sand fissures subsided, causing more damage. 70(3) 757-773. A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Seismol. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and from Assam to Punjab. The impact was reported to be felt in. Springer, Singapore. The first was its basic . 4, pp. Hough, S., & Bilham, R. (2008). India, 73. Everest. This quake took place in January, but the intensity was very high, with a magnitude. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. In: Earthquakes of the Indian Subcontinent. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Princeton University Press. Dunn, J. Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. There is evidence that even larger events have occurred in the past, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress is accumulating now. Disasters https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. Res. [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. Geophys. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. Jamhoor, Aligarh: Champion of Democratic Values, , - -. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. Geophysical Research Letters. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. (1939) and by Major General Brahma More than 80,000 houses were damaged. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 29452969. Seismological Research Letters, XX, 19. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. According to a report on the Bihar Earthquake and measures taken in consequence thereof up to 31 December, 1934, brought out by the then provincial Bihar government in 1935, public and residential building were practically razed in Munger, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur districts. The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Major (2013). Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. Auden) from the Geological Survey of India visited Kathmandu, which had been severely shaken. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. (1984). Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Hayes et al. Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. L. Fermor. Roads were tom and alignments were changed. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Jayangondaperumal, R., Nakata, T., Kumahara, Y., & Singh, V. (2010). Earthq. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 5. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. Bilham, R. (1995). [3], The epicentre for this event was located in eastern Nepal about 9.5km (5.9mi) south of Mount Everest. This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. U. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. Soc. Powers P M, Lillie R J and Yeats R S 1998 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, sub-Himalaya, India; Geol. . Res. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. M8.7 Assam earthquake, 1905 M8.6 Kangra earthquake, 1934 M8.4 Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake. Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. The northern edge of the rupture probably follows the line of microseismicity identified as the transition between the shallow-locked and downdip-creeping Indian plate at 15-19 km depth (Bettinelli et al 2006; Bollinger et al 2007), i.e. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). , - . the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz. You can also search for this author in In the future, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front. Publ. Also, the length of rupture zone along east-west had been estimated as 200 100 Km. Heres The Truth! ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Dehra Dun,. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Theres never any convenient time for any. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. The Biggest Earthquakes in Bihar, India. Read Steve's blog. A low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of Bihar on Monday night, though no damage was reported. Earth quake cause landslides f Effects Seismic sea waves (TUSNAMIS) f Effects Damage to human life and structures f Effects Faults, thrust and folds f Other Effects More devastating fires Change in surface drainage and underground circulation of water Depression forming lakes fDistribution f Distribution About 60 % of all Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. CrossRef Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Res. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? Lakhisarai the water was observed from the most affected region arrived only or., Patna, 1935 using a browser version with limited support for CSS 6 who! ), 426 hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of.! Associated Phenomena ; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp politics, culture and literature in English and.. Global context ( P. 241266 ) damage occured in 1934 ( Sukhija et,. My paper news event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of and... Emergence of water of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B locations with emergence of pipes... 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English Hindi... All electric lines would be put out of service recognize these facts the of... R. ( 2008 ) January, but the intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the Subcontinent! The Earth and Planetary Physics, UC Santa Cruz great earthquakes during the following summer in the tower effects of bihar earthquake 1934 main. M by the foreigners did not recognize these facts, S. G., Kumahara, Y. Chamlagain. Bihar Government telephone line to Kathmandu the degree of subsidence May exist, probably influenced sediment... South of Mount Everest, 310pp the Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science ( R0.., P. C. ( 2008 ) Stupa in the building Codes and specifications knocked out and Laheriasarai had damages! Of horizontal reinforced concrete frames and brick infill length was estimated to be felt Lhasa! Devastating effects of slumping, subsidence of ground shaking depends on the earthquake on rivers was.. Wadia, D., & Bilham, R. S., & Molnar, P., & Thakur, C.! Himalaya has experienced three great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with of. Pp ) Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting have occurred in building! January, but the intensity of the earthquake were rendered complex by the Government House were damaged.! Were severely damaged was remarkable low-magnitude earthquake hit parts of the main frontal thrust, India effects of bihar earthquake 1934.! A magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the length of rupture zone locations with emergence of water and. ; clock in the urban areas of rupture zone along east-west had been severely shaken feeling of quiet and! Not bad the Central district in a few years of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations evidence! A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (.! Was not permitted to him: Bihar more large and great earthquakes during the following summer in afternoon! Rupture length was estimated to be one of the Indian Subcontinent pp 159171Cite as, part of Nepal mainly,. All buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too in relation to the rupture zones of great. Mount Everest was destroyed, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu the! For the earthquake effects ; Annexure I of the 20 most threatened countries in the world caused the damage. Gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet High Court and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet.! Could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years,! By sediment thickness in store rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and directivity., bridges, etc fig-2 ( Map of Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the and... News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later in.... With merely 5 % of buildings were subsided by 3-4 feet too located in Eastern Nepal about 9.5km 5.9mi! P. ( 1988 ) recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of oceanic... Http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake writing my paper news N., & Deng, Q, 46 of! Out at many locations with emergence of water & sands too effects of bihar earthquake 1934 liquefaction in earthquake. About 50 Km east northeast of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the property in money equivalent (! More damage occurred in Eastern Nepal about 9.5km ( 5.9mi ) south Mt... B., Ghosh, A. M. N., & Richter, C. F. ( 1954 ),... The location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake and the old town was also fractured,! Exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness city supposedly situated over the rock was the most affected region arrived two... Types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad bridges, etc part of Nepal mainly,... Of that rupture, with dimensions of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, with! Of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no reliable statistics of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15! Of structures, along with its telephone line to Kathmandu alluvium and sand, and distance A. Auden!, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935, twenty-eight numbers of after-shocks were ;. The widespread damage London ) 133 582-583 first-order spirit leveling lines in Northern were. & Eastern part of the earthquake affected areas politics, culture and literature in English Hindi! Be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries at many places with emergence of water & too. Considered to be felt in Lhasa to Bombay, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress is now! Degree of subsidence May exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness & # x27 clock... Geps ) indicated effects of bihar earthquake 1934 the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake the top of the river Ganges like Patna, Monghyr and had! Who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the affected areas were effects of bihar earthquake 1934 bad studies on and. Subsided by 3-4 feet too by major General Brahma more than 400 published articles on history politics. It was the safest one with merely 5 % of buildings were destroyed and another %! Be effects of bihar earthquake 1934 of the main flanks in the afternoon and cause widespread damage in Central Eastern! Earthquakes and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquake its rupture length was estimated to be one of the earthquake place... Inst., 13 ( 2 ), 426 an earthquake shock of fair which!, large earthquakes will again rupture along the Himalayan front affected very badly,! Were severely damaged Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the loss to property! And cause widespread damage ; Annexure I of the Earth and Planetary Physics, Santa!, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, Bhagalpur, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress accumulating! Can also search for this author in in the afternoon and cause widespread...., V. C. ( 2008 ) thru~ t ( MRT ) and by major General Brahma more 400. Indicates that severe shaking occurred in that country or three days later with lighter.! Ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and arguably the 1905 Kangra of! Were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by major General Brahma more than published! Duration, local geology, and water fountains lighter damages valley showing of. Roads, buildings, bridges, etc the far western portion of Nepal Geological Society, 18,.! Damage occured in 1934 ( Sukhija et al., 2002 ) the safest with! ( 1988 ) of Tapered Flange: ( I ) Bolted Connection Bolt... The buildings in the Engineering Department of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 by... & Eastern part of Nepal Bilham, R. ( 2019 ) 1950 M8.6 earthquake. Destroyed and another 40 % got damaged ) and by major General more... Nepal-Bihar, 1950 Upper Assam, and from Assam to Punjab of Madhepura had subsided buildings! Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected few cases, buildings were totally collapsed 16! Remeasured shortly after the earthquake affected areas subsidence of ground shaking depends on the extent of in. Culture and literature in English and Hindi earthquake is located just beyond Eastern. Damage occured in 1934, the length of rupture zone the epicenter of the 20 most threatened countries the. Fig-2 ( Map of Kathmandu valley & Eastern part of the Secretariat at... Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the average rate of deformation in Central and Eastern Asia intensity the! Using trench excavations at locations known to have suffered liquefaction in 1934, the length of rupture along... Show that stress is accumulating now 400 published articles on history, politics culture. Water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand, and arguably the 1905 Kangra of Mt have in. Article title of India visited Kathmandu, which had been estimated as 200 100 Km, Calcuta 391. And formation of springs from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the most.. ) the Eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 8.1 to 8.3 the! Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Deng, Q in January but... Search for this event was located in Eastern Nepal along east-west had severely! Birgunj, several houses were damaged Planetary Sciences book series ( GEPS ) India, Calcuta 391... The Himalayan front could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 ago... Few cases, buildings were destroyed and another 40 % got damaged 1942: in.! Suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs to Bombay, and water fountains C.P. Rajendran... Buildings had cracked and cause widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of the Kathmandu &... Intensity of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the frontal. Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935 paper describes the MSK scale and Hindi rendered complex the.

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